a contraction of the two words ‘biological’ and ‘diversity’, referring to the variety of life on earth in general, or the variety of living things in a given ecosystem or region. It covers all living things, ranging from bacteria, plants and animals, to humans.
note: Copper has a direct and indirect link to biodiversity. The direct link is upstream through open pit mining. During the mining process, biodiversity loss is unavoidable. Post-mining, good practices on rehabilitation have emerged. The indirect link is downstream, through copper's various roles in decarbonization which avoids mining of fossil fuels.