flat, replaceable friction elements mounted inside a brake caliper. When the brake pedal is pressed, the caliper squeezes the pads against a spinning disc (brake rotor), converting kinetic energy into heat through friction, thereby slowing or stopping the rotation of the wheel.
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Note: Copper has traditionally been used in brake pads for its excellent heat conductivity, friction stability, and wear resistance. However, environmental concerns over copper dust emissions have led to regulations (notably in the U.S.) phasing out copper-containing brake pads. This has driven the development of copper-free or low-copper alternatives.
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